Range cooking top and burners or heating elements therefor



Nov. 1, 1955 Filed Jan. 22, 1948 E. D. PELLEGRIN RANGE COOKING TOP ANDBURNERS OR HEATING ELEMENTS THEREFOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 MM Q E. D.PELLEGRIN RANGE COOKING TOP AND BURNERS OR HEATING ELEMENTS THEREFORNov. 1, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 22, 1948 United States PatentOffice 2,722,592 Patented Nov. 1, 1955 RANGE COOKING TOP AND BURNERS ORHEATIYG ELEMENTS THEREFOR Elmer D. Pellegrin, Woodstock, 11]., assignorto Dixie Products, Inc., Cleveland, Tenn., a corporation of TennesseeApplication January 22, 1948, Serial No. 3,664

14 Claims. (Cl. 21937) This invention relates to cooking rangesgenerally and is more particularly concerned with improvements in thecooking top and burners or heating elements therefor, and, althoughherein disclosed as applied to gas and electric ranges, the invention isnot limited to those applications but may be applied also to rangesoperated with oil, gasoline, kerosene, bottled gas, etc.

The principal object of my invention is to provide a cooking range oftable top height having the usual low splasher-back but having burnersor heating elements which are so designed that the entire cooking topcan be cleared so that it is usable in the same way as any other tabletop, the burners or heating elements being all of the same lengthhearing such relation to the height of the splasher-back that when theyare disposed vertically in front of the splasher-back, all on the samepivotal axis, they will not extend above the top thereof, and, when laiddown for use, will take up only the rear half, or less, of the space onthe cooking top, leaving ample work space clear in front, these burnersor heating elements being preferably pivotally mounted at the rearportion of the top to be swingable upwardly and rearwardly from ahorizontal operative position resting on the top to an out-of-the-wayposition in front of or in recesses in the splasher-back, the bases forthe burners and heating elements being preferably either enameled, or ofstainless steel, plastic, or glass to match or give a desired contrastto the enamel, stainless steel, plastic or glass of the cooking top andsplasher-back for a neat and attractive appearance.

Where the burners and heating elements fit in recesses in thesplasher-back, the bases preferably lie substantially flush with thefront face of the splasher-back in their out of the way position, andsuitable finger grips are provided on these base portions to facilitateswinging the burners and heating elements forwardly and downwardly tooperative position on the cooking top.

The burners and heating elements, in accordance with my invention, havesprings connected thereto so as to counterbalance the same against beingdropped violently onto the cooking top.

Each of the burners, in accordance with my invention also has meansassociated with its gas cock for automatically preventing the turning onof gas to the burner while it is in the raised retracted position, theelectrical heating elements being similarly protected against havihgcircuits completed therethrough when they are disposed in raisedretracted positions.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Fig.1 is a vertical section through the rear portion of the cooking top ofan electric range equipped With hinged, retractable heating elements inaccordance with my invention, an element being shown in full lines inlowered operative position and in dotted lines in raised retractedposition;

Fig. 2 is a front view of Fig. 1, showing the heating element raised,and indicating a portion of a neighboring element in the loweredoperative position like that of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a view like Fig. l but showing the invention applied to arange with a different splasher-back;

t is a perspective view of another cooking top showing how four heatingelements appear in retracted position where they have rectangular bases,as distinguished from the circular ones shown in Figs. 1-3;

Fig. 5 is a view like Fig. 1 but showing my invention applied to a gasrange, and

Fig. 6 is a cross-section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Similar reference numerals are applied to correspondin g partsthroughout the views.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the reference numeral 1t designates thecooking top of an electric range, and 11 is the spiasher-back, in frontof the base of which a plurality of electric heating elements 12,usually four, are hingedly mounted on the raised rear portion 13 of thetop it as indicated at 14, so as to be swingable from an operativeposition, resting substantially horizontally on the cooking top, asappears in full lines in Fig. 1, toa retracted substantially verticalposition parallel to the splasher-back, as appears in dotted lines inFig. 1, whereby to make practically the whole cooking top clear andusable the same as any other table top, the top iii being incidentallyat table top height, as is customary in recent designs of ranges, andbeing without joints or other breaks in the top surface as shown clearlyin Fig. 4. The raised portion 13 of the cooking top has arcuatedepressed portions 15 to accommodate the movable offset or L-shapedknuckle portions 16 provided on the hinged ends of the bodies 17 of theelectric heating elements 12, and these knuckles 16 have radial fingers1S projecting therefrom through elongated slots 15? in the depressedportions 15 for connection with tension springs 28, whereby the heatingelements are counterbalanced against being dropped violently onto thecooking top. The springs 20 are anchored to the underside of the cookingtop iii, as indicated at 21, and are stretched when the heating elements12 are swung downwardly, as should be clear from a comparison of thedotted and full line positions shown in 1. On the other hand, it shouldbe evident that, due to the ofii'set relationship of the pivots 14 tothe bodies of the heating elements, the heating elements when dis posedin vertical position tend to bear against the splasher back under theirown weight and independently of any remaining tension in springs 28, asshould be clear from the dotted line raised position in Fig. l and thefull line raised position in Fig. 3. individual to each heating element12 is a switch 22 preferably, but not necessarily, mounted in thesplasher-back 11, with its operating knob or dial 23 rotatable in frontof the panel, as shown. Each element 12 also has a safety switch 24mounted adjacent the same on the splasherback with a spring-pressedbutton or plunger 25 pro" jecting forwardly therefrom and arranged to bedepressed to open-circuit position by the hinged portion of the body 17of the heating element when the said element is raised to retractedposition, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1, whereby automaticallyto break the circuit for said element if the switch 22 is left turnedon, and prevent damage to the splasher-back and also waste of current ifthe switch 22 is turned on after the element has been raised toretracted position, the main switch 22 having the line conductors 26connected thereto, and the safety switch 24 being connected in seriesbetween switch 22, and element 12, as indicated at 27 and 28, to controlflow of current to the element 12 independently of switch 22, The baseor back cov ering 29 for each element i2 is illustrated as of enameledsheet metal, like the top iii, and provided with a finger-grip groove 30on the outer periphery to facilitate pulling the unit down and raisingit again. However, these bases 29 may be of stainless steel, plastic, orglass, to match the construction of the top it) and back 11, or give apleasing contrast.

The operation of the invention is believed to be clear from the abovedescription. It greatly increases the utility, as well as improves theappearance, of the range. The cooking top heating elements are not useda large fraction of the time, as, for example, during baking, and it istherefore a big advantage for the housewife at such times to be able touse the top it) as another table top. Furthermore, with my invention,there is always more of the working space on the top 10 available foruse than in other ranges, whenever less than the whole set of heatingelements is in use.

It should also be clear that the present arrangement is an improvementover prior arrangements even wien all four burners or heating elementsare in operation at one time. Take, for example, for comparison, burnersor heating elements in the form of the conventional fixtures disposed inspaced staggered relationship on the cooking top, two in front and twoin the rear; the present arrangement of the heating elements in a rowacross the rear half portion of the cooking top affords greaterconvenience by virtue of the unbroken stretch of working surfaceafforded on the front half portion of the cooking top from one end ofthe range to the other, and the fact that with that arrangement thehousewife can move any utensil without any danger of possibly upsettinganother and without having to reach over another utensil or over aburner or heating element. In passing, it will also be noticed that thebodies 17 of the heating elements 12 are shaped so that there is nodanger of upsetting a utensil if the housewife in placing it does nothappen to get it exactly centered or if she moves it purposely to therear more or less off the hot element, as when food is merely to be keptwarm and is not to be cooked further. Where the bodies of the heatingelements fit in recesses 31 in the splasherback lla, as in Fig. 3, theappearance of the range is further improved, especially if the bases 29are made to lie substantially flush with the front face of the back 1111in the retracted position of the elements. The back 11a has depressions32 above the recesses in which to enter a finger tip in taking hold of aselected element to swing it down to operative position. On the otherhand, the bodies of the heating elements may be made rectangular asshown at 12a in Fig. 4 and made to lie in close proximity with theirbases 29b arranged substantially flush with one another in retractedposition, and these may be disposed in front of the back 111; or in acommon recess provided therefor in said back, as desired, similarly asin Figs. 1 and 3, respectively.

Referring next to Figs. and 6, the invention is shown applied to a gasrange in which a plurality of burners 12c, usually four, are hingedlymounted by means of hollow knuckle portions 16c under the rear portionof the cooking top a for swinging movement from an operative positionresting by means of rubber or plastic bumpers or feet 33 on the top Me,to a retracted position disposed vertically in recesses 31c provided inthe front face of the splasher-back Illc. Each burner has a gas and airmixer 34 provided on one end of the knuckle portion 16c into which a gasdischarge jet $5, extending laterally from the body of a gas cock 36,projects to deliver gas from the manifold 37 to burner along withentrained air admitted through the mixer 34, the jet serving also as oneof the two coaxial pivots for said burner, the other of which isindicated at 14c supported in a bracket 38 that is fastened to themanifold 37. A gooseneck shaped mixing tube 39, that is struck on an arcwith the axis of pivots 35 and Me as a center, connects the ported body17c of the burner with the knuckle 16c and operates through a slot 40 inthe back 11c in the bottom of the recess 310, as shown. The manifold 37is suitably supported in the frame of the range in rigid relationship tothe top 190, and a grasshopper type torsion spring Ztlc that is suitablyanchored to the frame of the range, under the cooking top 100, isconnected to the tube 39, as indicated so as to be loaded in thelowering of the burner to operative position whereby to counterbalancethe same against being dropped violently onto the cooking top. Theburners 12c, while shown as round to fit in round recesses 31c, may beof rectangular or any other desired shape.

Each burner is individually controlled and regulated from the front ofthe range, there being a knob or dial 23: connected by a tube 41 withthe stem 42 of the associated cock 35 to turn the ported valve disc 43thereof from an off to an on position with as much or little gasdischarge to the burner as desired. A disc 44 is fixed nonrotatably onstem 42 to turn with the stem when the gas is turned on or off. Thisdisc has a notch 45 therein into which a lug 46 projecting radially fromthe knuckle portion 160 of the burner is arranged to engage when theburner is swung upwardly to retracted position, as shown in dotted linesin Figs. 5 and 6, whereby to prevent turning the gas on to the burnerwhile it is in such retracted position. The knob 230 is arranged to beturned in a clockwise direction toward on position and, as shown in Fig.6, the lug 46 in the up position of the burner blocks such movement,thereby preventing having the gas turned on when it should not be. Thesame means also prevents one from moving a lighted burner from operativeposition to retracted position, as should be obvious from the foregoingdescription. On the back or bottom of each burner is a removable easilycleanable casing 290 which, as in the other constructions of Figs. 1-4,may be made to match the top or made to give a pleasing contrast, thecasing being of sheet metal, plastic, or glass, as desired.

The gas range of Figs. 5 and 6 operates similarly as the electric rangesof Figs. 1-4, in so far as the facility with which the cooking top maybe cleared for use as a table top, is concerned, whenever that isdesired. In this form, as in the other, the utensils may be pushed tothe rear from the burners without danger of upsetting, the mixing tubes39 having flat top surfaces Si in the same horizontal plane with thetops of the burners. The latter have upwardly projecting utensilsupporting bosses 51, as shown, and the ports 57. are spacedsufficiently below the top surfaces of these bosses to insure a goodsupply of secondary air to support combustion.

It is believed to be clear that ranges operated with oil, gasoline,kerosene, or bottled gas can be constructed along closely similar linesto that of Figs. 5 and 6 to operate similarly and give similaradvantages.

It is believed the foregoing description conveys a good understanding ofthe objects and advantages of my invention. The appended claims havebeen drawn to cover all legitimate modifications and adaptations.

I claim:

1. A cooking apparatus comprising a range having in a single panel asmooth top work section presenting a single unbroken working area devoidof cracks and openings of any kind with a fixed upright back splasher atthe rear thereof which is of small height in relation to the fore andaft dimension of said top, and a plurality of cooker elements ofelongated form and disposed side by side and having offset inner endportions pivoted relative to said top section adjacent the back splasherfor swinging movement singly or not as desired from a retracted positionin a substantially vertical plane adjacent and substantially parallel tosaid back splasher, in which position they gravitate toward the splasherback under their own weight, to an operative position extendingforwardly from theback splasher and resting substantially hori- .5Zontally on the rear portion of the top section, all of said cookerelements being of the same length and pivoted in coaxial relation, thelength of said cooker elements hearing such relation to the height ofthe back splasher that when they are disposed vertically in front of theback splasher they do not extend above the top thereof, and, when laiddown for use, will take up only the rear portion of the space on thecooking top, leaving ample work space clear in front.

2. A cooking apparatus comprising a range having in a single panel asmooth top work section presenting a single unbroken working area with afixed upright back splasher at the rear thereof, which is of smallheight in relation to the fore and aft dimension of said top, aplurality of electrical cooker elements of elongated form and disposedside by side and having inner end portions pivoted relative to said topsection adjacent the back splasher for swinging movement singly or notas desired from a retracted position in a substantially vertical planeadjacent and substantially parallel to said back splasher to anoperative position extending forwardly from the back splasher andresting substantially horizontally on the rear portion of the topsection, all of said cooker elements being of the same length andpivoted in coaxial relation, the length of said cooker elements hearingsuch relation to the height of the back splasher that when they aredisposed vertically in front of the back splasher they do not extendabove the top thereof, and, when laid down for use, will take up onlythe rear portion of the space on the cooking top, leaving ample workspace clear in front, manually operable switch means controlling supplyof current to each cooker element, and a normally closed safety switchassociated with each of said cooker elements connected in circuit withthe related manual switch and located at the lower portion of said backsplasher and having a spring-pressed button for operating the safetyswitch to open circuit position when depressed, said button being heldunder spring pressure projecting forwardly from the back splasher insuch relation to the pivoted inner end of the cooker element to beautomatically depressed to open circuit when the cooker element israised to vertical retracted position.

3. A cooking apparatus comprising a range having a smooth top worksection presenting an unbroken working area with an upright backsplasher at the rear thereof which is of small height in relation to thefore and aft dimension of said top, a gas supply manifold under the rearportion of said top section having plurality of gas cocks depending fromit, gas burning cooker elements resting on said top section and eachhaving an arcuate mixing tube extending downwardly and forwardly undersaid top section from the rear portion of the cooker element andpivotally connected with one of said cocks to receive gas therefrom,each cooker element being swingable rearwardly to a retracted positionat the rear of said top section and disposed substantially vertically infront of said back splasher, all of said cooker elements being of thesame length and pivoted in coaxial relation, the length of said cookerelements bearing such relation to the height of the back splasher thatwhen they are disposed vertically in front of the back splasher they donot extend above the top thereof, and, when laid down for use, will takeup only the rear portion of the space on the cooking top, leaving amplework space clear in front, a cock operating rod extending forwardlyunder the top section from each of said cocks to the front of said topsection, and a manually operable knob on the front end of said rod.

4. A cooking apparatus as set forth in claim 3 including spring meansoperatively connected with said mixing tube under said top section so asto resist downward movement of the cooking element onto said topsection.

5. A cooking apparatus as set forth in claim 3 including a locking plateturning with said cock operating rod andhaving an opening providedtherein into which a 6 projection provided on the mixing tube of saidcooker element is arranged to engage in the retracted position of saidcooker element to lock said cock in off position and prevent turning thesame to on position so long as said cooker element remains in retractedposition.

6. A cooking apparatus as set forth in claim 3 in cluding spring meansoperatively connected with said mixing tube under said top section so asto resist downward movement of the cooking element onto said topsection, the main body portion of said cooker element in the operativeposition being spaced forwardly appreciably relative to the backsplasher, and said mixing tube being formed with a relatively wideforwardly reaching upper portion extending to the rear of said bodyportion, the top of which is substantialy in coplanar relationship withthe top of the body portion of said cooker element so as to provide anauxiliary supporting surface for a cooking utensil.

7. A cooking apparatus comprising a range having in a single panel asmooth top work section presenting a single unbroken working area devoidof cracks and openings of any kind with a fixed upright back splasher atthe rear thereof which is of small height in relation to the fore andaft dimension of said top, a plurality of cooker elements of elongatedform and disposed side by side and having offset inner end portionspivoted relative to said top section adjacent the back splasher, springsindividual to the several cooker elements below the top work sectionfixed at one end relative to said section and having the other endconnected to the pivoted inner end portions of said cooker elements soas to be loaded in the lowering of said elements, whereby tocounterbalance said cooker elements and prevent droppage thereofaccidentally onto the top of said work section, said cooker elementsbeing swingable singly or not as desired from a retracted position in asubstantially vertical plane adjacent and substantially parallel to saidback splasher, in which position they gravitate toward the splasher backunder their own weight independently of said springs, to an operativeposition extending forwardly from the back splasher and restingsubstantially horizontally on the rear portion of the top section, allof said cooker elements being of the same length and pivoted in coaxialrelation, the length of said cooker elements hearing such relation tothe height of the back splasher that when they are disposed verticallyin front of the back splasher they do not extend above the top thereof,and, when laid down for use, will take up only the rear portion of thespace 011 the cooking top, leaving ample work space clear in front.

8. A cooking apparatus comprising a range having in a single panel asmooth top work section presenting a single unbroken working area devoidof cracks and openings of any kind with a fixed upright back splasher atthe rear thereof which is of small height in relation to the fore andaft dimensions of said top, a plurality of cooker elements of elongatedform and disposed side by side and having inner end portions pivotedrelative to said top section adjacent the back splasher, springsindividual to the several cooker elements below the top work sectionfixed at one end relative to said section and having the other endconnected to the pivoted inner end portions of said cooker elements soas to be loaded in the lowering of said elements, whereby tocounterbalance said cooker elements and prevent droppage thereofaccidentally onto the top of said work section, said cooker elementsbeing swingable singly or not as desired from a retracted position in asubstantially vertical plane adjacent and substantially parallel to saidback splasher to an operative position extending forwardly from the backsplasher and resting substantially horizontally on the rear portion ofthe top section, all of said cooker elements being of the same lengthand pivoted in coaxial relation, the length of said cooker elementshearing such relation to the height of the back splasher that when theyare disposed vertically in front of the back splasher they do not extend7 above the top thereof, and, when laid down for use, will take up onlythe rear portion of the space on the cooking top, leaving ample workspace clear in front.

9. An electric range comprising a substantially horizontal cooking top,an upstanding hollow backsplash panel positioned adjacent to the rear ofsaid cooking top, a plurality of hollow structures each includingspacedapart outer and inner walls and a connecting marginal wall, aplurality of hinge mechanisms respectively mounting said structuresadjacent to the junction between said cooking top and said backsplashpanel in sideby-side relation for independent movements betweenupstanding normal positions disposed adjacent to said backsplash paneland forwardly projecting work positions disposed over said cooking top,said outer walls being disposed substantially in lateral upstandingalignment with each other when said structures occupy their normalpositions in order to lend an unbroken appearance to the front of saidbacksplash panel and to present said cooking top as a continuous usablework surface, said inner walls being disposed substantially in lateralhorizontal alignment with each other when said structures occupy theirwork positions in order to provide a substantially continuous cookingshelf positioned above said cooking top, a plurality of electric heatingunits respectively carried by said inner walls and respectively movablewith said structures, flexible electrical wiring arranged in saidbacksplash panel and electrically connected to said heating units andaccommodating the movements of said structures, a source of currentsupply, and a plurality of control switches carried by said backsplashpanel and disposed substantially in lateral horizontal alignment abovesaid structures when they occupy their normal positions, said controlswitches respectively corresponding to said heating units and beingrespectively associated with said structures, each of said controlswitches being of the multi-position type and selectively operative toits different positions to establish corresponding different heatingconnections between the corresponding one of said heating units and saidsource of current supply via said flexible wiring.

10. An electric heating appliance comprising a substantially horizontalwork platform, an upstanding hollow casing positioned at the rear ofsaid work platform and including spaced-apart front and rear Walls and aconnecting boundary wall, said casing having an upstanding cavityprovided therein and opening through said front wall, a hollow structureincluding spacedapart outer and inner walls and a connecting marginalwall, hinge mechanism mounting said structure upon said casing formovements between an upstanding normal position disposed within saidcavity and a substantially horizontal work position removed from saidcavity and arranged over said work platform, said outer wall beingdisposed substantially flush with said front wall when said structureoccupies its normal position in order to lend an unbroken appearance tothe front of said casing, said work platform presenting a continuoususable work surface when said structure occupies its normal position.said inner wall having an opening formed therein, an electric heatingunit arranged in said opening and movable with said structure, flexibleelectrical wiring arranged in said casing and electrically connected tosaid heating unit and accommodating the movements of said structure, asource of current supply, a heating control circuit including saidsource and said flexible wiring, a control switch of the multi-positiontype selectively operative to its different positions to establishcorresponding different heating connections between said heating unitand said heating control circuit, a master switch included in saidheating control circuit and having open and closed positions, and meansresponsive to movement of said structure into its normal position foroperating said master switch into its open position and responsive tomovement of said structure into its work position for operating saidmaster switch into its closed position.

11. An electric range comprising a substantially horizontal cooking top,an upstanding hollow backsplash panel positioned adjacent to the rear ofsaid cooking top, a plurality of hollow structures each includingspacedapart outer and inner walls and a connecting marginal wall, aplurality of hinge mechanisms respectively mounting said structuresadjacent to the junction between said cooking top and said backsplashpanel in side-by-side relation for independent movements betweenupstanding normal positions disposed adjacent to said backsplash paneland forwardly projecting work positions disposed over said cooking top,said outer walls being disposed substantially in lateral upstandingalignment with each other when said structures occupy their normalpositions in order to lend an unbroken appearance to the front of saidbacksplash panel and to present said cooking top as a continuous usablework surface, said inner walls being disposed substantially in lateralhorizontal alignment with each other when said structures occupy theirwork positions in order to provide a substantially continuous cookingshelf positioned above said cooking top, a plurality of electric heatingunits respectively carried by said inner walls and respectively movablewith said structures, flexible electrical wiring electrically connectedto said heating units and accommodating the movements of saidstructures, a source of current supply, and a plurality of controlswitches respectively corresponding to said heating units, each of saidcontrol switches being of the multi-position type and selectivelyoperative to its differ' ent positions to establish correspondingdifferent heating connections between the corresponding one of saidheating units and said source of current supply via said flexiblewiring.

12. A cooking apparatus comprising a range having in a single panel asmooth top work section presenting a single unbroken working area with afixed upright back splasher at the rear thereof, which is of smallheight in relation to the fore and aft dimension of said top, aplurality of electrical cooker elements of elongated form and disposedside by side and having inner end portions pivoted relative to said topsection adjacent the back splasher for swinging movement singly or notas desired from a retracted position in a substantially vertical planeadjacent and substantially parallel to said back splasher to anoperative position extending forwardly from the back splasher andresting substantially horizontally on the rear portion of the topsection, all of said cooker elements being of the same length andpivoted in coaxial relation, the length of said cooker elements bearingsuch relation to the height of the back splasher that when they aredisposed vertically in front of the back splasher they do not extendabove the top thereof, and, when laid down for use, will take up onlythe rear portion of the space on the cooking top, leaving ample workspace clear in front, manually operable switch means controlling supplyof current to each cooker element, and a normally closed safety switchassociated with each of said cooker elements connected in circuit withthe related manual switch and located at the lower portion of said backsplasher, each safety switch having means responsive to movement of therelated cooker element to vertical retracted position for operating saidsafety switch to open position and responsive to movement of the relatedcooker element to lowered position for operating said safety switch toclosed position.

13. A cooking apparatus comprising, a support having a freely upstandinghollow backsplash panel extending upwardly therefrom, a plurality ofhollow structures each including spaced-apart outer and inner walls anda connecting marginal wall, a plurality of hinge mechanisms respectivelymounting said structures adjacent to the junction between said supportand said backsplash panel in side-by-side relation for independentswinging movements about a common axis forwardly of said backsplashpanel between upstanding normal positions disposed adjacent to butforwardly of said backsplash panel and for- Wardly projecting horizontalWork positions, said outer walls being disposed substantially in lateralupstanding alignment with each other when said structures occupy theirupstanding normal positions, said inner Walls being disposedsubstantially in lateral horizontal alignment with each other When saidstructures occupy their work positions in order to provide asubstantially continuous cooking shelf, a plurality of heating unitsrespectively carried by said inner Walls and respectively movable withsaid structures.

14. A cooking apparatus as defined in claim 13, Wherein the outer andinner walls of said hollow structures are of rectangular shape Withadjacent edges of said structures in close proximity to each otherwhereby said structures define a substantially continuous surface whenin their upstanding normal positions.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS968,942 Hartig Aug. 30, 1910 10 Allen Aug. 1, Craw Mar. 12, Lewis June29, Lynam Dec. 23, Baker Oct. 25, Teller et a1. Feb. 20, Beltram Jan.29, Fletcher June 18, Teller et a1. Sept. 10, Gutmann Nov. 19, GoldbertApr. 20, Davis Feb. 22, Pletcher Sept. 5, Teller July 9, Brodbeck Aug.19, Besocke Aug. 11, French Mar. 25,

FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain of

